Learning styles describe how we prefer to take in and process new information. Intelligence is somewhat different. According to one theory, intelligence is “... the ability to respond successfully to new situations and the capacity to learn from one’s past experiences” (Armstrong, p. 8*). Many people commonly think of intelligence as the kind of inborn learning ability that is measured with one of the many types of IQ (intelligence quotient) tests administered regularly in schools. In fact, research indicates that, though IQ tests are a good predictor of school success, they do not predict “real world” success. In one study, Armstrong cites that one-third of a group of highly successful professional people had low IQ scores.

Some theorists believe that we’ve focused too much attention on verbal and logical thinking, neglecting other ways of knowing. For example, if your computer crashed, who would be the best person to seek for assistance? Would you go to your English instructor or a student in the Computer and Network Servicing program? Intelligence depends on the context, task and what information is needed in a particular situation.

Howard Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences proposes that there are many kinds of intelligences. His theory recognizes the intelligence of the athlete, mechanic, architect, counselor and teacher as different but equally valid. Based on research taken from many types of physical and psychological studies, Gardner’s theory has been recognized for about 20 years. The eight intelligences are:

•linguistic – the ability to use oral and written language easily
•logical-mathematical – the ability to solve problems using abstract reasoning, mathematical ability and logic
•spatial – the ability to mentally comprehend shapes and three-dimensional images
•musical – the ability to perceive and comprehend rhythm, pitch and melody
•bodily-kinesthetic – the ability to use the body with control, agility, balance and grace
•interpersonal – the ability to perceive the emotions and motivations of others
•intrapersonal – the ability to perceive the inner emotions and motivations of oneself
•naturalist – the ability to identify and classify patterns in nature

Gardner (1993*) states “it becomes important to consider individuals as a collection of aptitudes rather than as having a singular problem-solving faculty that can be measured directly through pencil-and-paper tests” (p. 27). Though very few people have highly developed forms of all eight intelligences, most people possess a collection of various degrees of each intelligence. By recognizing which intelligences are your most developed and which are weakest, you can begin to maximize and celebrate your strengths and learn ways to overcome or minimize your weaknesses.

(8) Multiple Intelligences

(adapted from original chart by Sharon Charette)
(chart in .pdf format)